24^th International meet on Pharmaceutical Biotechnology May 13 - 14, 2019 | Paris, France

The field of Medical biotechnology is experiencing rapid growth in recent years, leading to the development of several innovative techniques for preventing, diagnosing, and treating diseases. Novel methodologies, including polymerase chain reaction, gene sequencing, microarrays, cell culture, gene silencing using interference RNA, and genome editing, have significantly contributed towards improving health science, such as the sequencing of the human genome, use of stem cells for regenerative medicine, biomolecules in tissue engineering, development of antibiotics, and the generation of monoclonal antibodies for therapy.

Stem cell biotechnology is a field of biotechnology that develops tools and therapeutics through modification and engineering of stem cells. Stem cell biotechnology is important in regenerative medicine which helps in cancer treatment and various life threatening diseases. The basis for vegetative cell transplantation is that blood cells (red cells, white cells and platelets) and immune cells (lymphocytes) arise from the stem cells that are in bone marrow, peripheral blood and twine blood. Intense therapy kills the patient's stem cells. This stops the stem cells from creating enough blood and immune cells. Now a day’s stem cell therapy is creating wonders in medical history

Cancer biotechnology is focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms of cancer, developing diagnostics and drugs for its cure. The most cross-disciplinary of contemporary research areas, cancer biotechnology research includes scientists from regenerative medicine, cell biology, cell immunology and cancer epidemics. Cancer stem cells are cancer cells that possess characteristics associated with normal stem cells, specifically the ability to give rise to all cell types found in a particular cancer sample

Biopharmaceuticals products are molecules that are components of biological systems that are used in the treatment of human and animal health and disease by clinical trials. The applications of biopharmaceuticals include: agonist and antagonist of important receptors and enzymes, replacement products to treat genetic defects, the induction of protective immune responses (vaccines), and the inhibition of inappropriate immune responses (treatment of allergy and autoimmunity). They can also be combinations of biological molecules like antibodies with cytoxic compounds and agents, such as antibody-drug conjugates that are being used today in cancer therapies.

Pharmacokinetics is the study of how an organism affects a drug, whereas pharmacodynamics  is the study of how the drug affects the organism. It places particular emphasis on dose–response relationships, that is, the relationships between drug concentration and effect. Receptor binding and effect is the binding of ligands to receptors is controlled by the law of mass action which relates the large-scale status to the rate of numerous molecular processes. Multicellular pharmacodynamics is the study of the static and dynamic properties and relationships between a set of drugs and a dynamic and diverse multicellular four-dimensional organization. Both together influence dosing, therapeutic effect, and adverse effects. Liberation is the process of release of a drug from the pharmaceutical formulation. Absorption is the process of a substance entering the blood circulation. Distribution – the dispersion or dissemination of substances throughout the fluids and tissues of the body. Metabolism is the chemical process of complex molecules changing into simple molecules in the body. Excretion is the removal of the substances from the body. Pharmacokinetic models are - Non-compartmental analysis, Compartmental analysis, Single-compartment model, Multi-compartmental models, Variable volume in time models

Nano biotechnology refers to the intersection of nanotechnology and biology. Given that the subject is one that has only emerged very recently, Bio nanotechnology and Nano biotechnology serve as covering terms for various related technologies. The most important objectives that are frequently found in Nano biology involve applying Nano tools to relevant medical/biological problems and refining these applications. Developing new tools, such as Peptoid Nano-sheets, for medical and biological purposes is another primary objective in nanotechnology. New Nano-tools are often made by refining the applications of the Nano-tools that are already being used. The imaging of native biomolecules, biological membranes, and tissues is also a major topic for the Nano-biology researchers. Other topics concerning Nano biology include the use of cantilever array sensors and the application of Nano-photonics for manipulating molecular processes in living cells.

Biotechnology has been practiced for a long time, as people have sought to improve agriculturally important organisms by selection and breeding. An example of traditional agricultural biotechnology is the development of disease-resistant wheat varieties by cross-breeding different wheat types until the desired disease resistance was present in a resulting new variety. Genetic engineering technologies can help to improve health conditions in less developed countries. Genetic engineering can result in improved keeping properties to make transport of fresh produce easier, giving consumers access to nutritionally valuable whole foods and preventing decay, damage, and loss of nutrients. Benefits of Agriculture Biotechnology include increased crop productivity, Enhanced crop protection, Improvements in food processing, improved nutritional value, Environmental benefits, Better flavour, and Fresher produce. Agricultural biotechnology is the term used in crop and livestock improvement through biotechnology tools. This monograph will focus only on agricultural crop biotechnology. Biotechnology encompasses a number of tools and elements of conventional breeding techniques, plant physiology etc.

Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data. As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combines biology, computer science, information engineering, mathematics and statistics to analyse and interpret biological data. It includes several steps for analysing they are sequence analysis, gene and protein expression, analysis of cellular organization. Protein structure prediction is another important application of bioinformatics. The amino acid sequence of a protein, the so-called primary structure, can be easily determined from the sequence on the gene that codes for it. In the vast majority of cases, this primary structure uniquely determines a structure in its native environment. Other techniques for predicting protein structure include protein threading and physics-based modelling

Recombinant DNA technology, joining together of DNA molecules from two different species that are inserted into a host organism to produce new genetic combinations that are of value to science, medicine, agriculture, and industry. Since the focus of all genetics is the gene, the fundamental goal of laboratory geneticists is to extracting the gene, integrating the gene, encoding of gene for better yields, Most importantly protein based drugs are highly effective drugs such as erythropoietin and fast-acting insulin this can be possible by protein engineering. Today recombinant DNA technology is used extensively in research laboratories worldwide to explore myriad questions about gene structure, function, expression pattern, regulation, and much more

White Biotechnology is also known by the name Industry Biotechnology. This kind of biotechnology is used and applied in industries and its processes. The various uses of this Biotechnology includes; biopolymers (Plastics) Substitutes, new invention of vehicle parts and Bio fuels for the vehicles, invention of fibres for the clothing industry, it is also involved in developing new chemicals and the production process. Industry biotechnology will helps in pollution prevention, resource conservation, and reduction of cost for the processes with a better results

Marine biotechnology, sometimes referred to as “blue biotechnology”, exploits the diversity found in marine environments in terms of the form, structure, physiology and chemistry of marine organisms, many of which have no equivalent on land, in ways which enable new materials to be realised. Marine biotechnology is a knowledge generation and conversion process: it unlocks access to biological compounds and provides novel uses for them using bio sensors.  By exploring and harnessing marine materials, entirely new uses in areas far from the marine are likely to be found. Marine biotechnology is an opportunity recognised by policy makers and the enterprise sector as offering significant potential to fill market gaps for new chemical compounds.

Biotechnology is applied and used to study the natural environment. Environmental biotechnology could also imply that one try to harness biological process for commercial uses and exploitation. Environmental biotechnology is the development, use and regulation of biological systems for remediation of contaminated environments and for environment-friendly processes such as green manufacturing technologies (biofuels, biomarkers,bioenergy etc.,) and sustainable development. Environmental biotechnology can simply be described as "the optimal use of nature, in the form of plants, animals, bacteria, fungi and algae, to produce renewable energy, food and nutrients in a synergistic integrated cycle of profit making processes where the waste of each process becomes the feedstock for another process”

Food biotechnology is the application of technology to modify genes of animals, plants, and microorganisms to create new species which have desired production, marketing, or nutrition related properties. Genetically engineered (GE) or genetically modified (GM) foods, they are a source of an unresolved controversy over the uncertainty of their long-term effects on humans and food chains. Food biotechnology employs the tools of modern genetics to enhance beneficial traits, of plants, animals and microorganisms for food production. It involves adding or extracting select genes to achieve desired traits. The work currently being done with “golden rice” and the potential it has to help combat hunger and malnutrition related diseases. Purchase fruits and vegetables with increased antioxidant content that may reduce risk for cancer. Plant-made pharmaceuticals are the latest evolution within the realm of biotechnology.  As the name suggests, this process uses genetics to enable plants to produce protein-based medicines to treat diseases and save lives. Biotechnology of food by fermentation, using enzymes like α-amylase is being used to improve nutrition, enhance food safety and quality.

Clinical trials are experiments or observations done in clinical research. Such prospective biomedical or behavioural research studies, including new treatments. Clinical trials generate data on safety and efficacy. Clinical trials involving new drugs are commonly classified into four phases.  Each phase of the drug approval process is treated as a separate clinical trial which includes Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics in humans, Screening for safety, Establishing the efficacy of the drug, Final confirmation of safety and efficacy, Safe guarding the quality. A clinical trial protocol is a document used to define and manage the trial. It is prepared by a panel of experts. All study investigators are expected to strictly observe the protocol